A toddler who previously settled reasonably well may suddenly start waking at night, resisting bedtime or refusing naps. Parents often call this a “sleep regression,” but sleep changes can have several causes and do not follow the same pattern in

Absolute cardiovascular risk is an estimate of a person’s chance of experiencing a cardiovascular event, such as a heart attack or stroke, over a specific period. It is calculated by considering multiple risk factors together rather than relying on one

Colds, influenza, COVID-19, acute bronchitis and pneumonia are among the respiratory illnesses that can affect adults. They often share symptoms such as cough, fever, sore throat, fatigue and congestion, so symptoms alone may not identify the exact cause. This article

Spirometry is a lung-function test that measures how much air you can forcefully breathe out and how quickly you can exhale it. A GP may recommend it for a persistent cough, wheeze or breathlessness, or when conditions such as asthma

Persistent tiredness, unexplained weight changes, feeling unusually cold or hot, or changes in heart rate can sometimes occur with thyroid problems. However, these symptoms also have many other possible causes, and symptoms alone cannot confirm a thyroid disorder. This article

Cryotherapy is a medical procedure that uses controlled extreme cold, usually liquid nitrogen, to freeze selected surface skin lesions. It is a common treatment in general practice for certain benign and sun-damaged skin conditions following clinical assessment. This article covers